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Geological Time Scale


Eras Periods Epochs/Series Life on Earth
C
E
N
O
Z
O
I
C 		Quaternary Recent/Holocene
Pleistocene 		Rise and Dominance of
Man
Tertiary Pliocene Modern Plants and
_____Animals Flurish_____

Rapid Development of
Mammals, Insects,
and Plants
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
M
E
S
O
Z
O
I
C 		Cretaceous Gulfian

Comanchean

Coalhuilan 		Mass Extinction
Last of the Great Dinosaurs
Last Ammonites

Rise of Flowering Plants
Modern Insects Radiate

Large Dinosaurs Roam
the Earth
Jurassic Upper Jurassic

Middle Jurassic

Liassic
Dinosaurs Radiate and
Diversify

First Mammals and
Birds Appear
Triassic Upper Triassic
Middle Triassic
Sythian
The First Dinosaurs
Cycad-like Plants
Appearence of Marine Reptiles
Crocodiles, Turtles

P
A
L
E
O
Z
O
I
C 		Permian Upper Permian

Lower Permian 		Greatest Mass Extinction

Rise of Reptiles
C
A
R
B
O
N
I
F
E
R
O
U
S		 Pennsylvanian Upper Pennsylvanian
Middle Pennsylvanian
Morrowan 		Modern Insects Develope
The Great Coal Deposites

Primitive Conifers, Seed Ferns
Mississippian Chesterian

Meramecian
Osagian
Kinderhookian 		Plants Flurish on Land
Crinoids Build Massive Limestones
Reptiles appear
Primitive Ammonites
Devonian Chautauquan
Senecan
Erian
Ulsterian 		Climax of Brachiopods
First Amphibians
First Land Snails
Insects Appear
Earliest seed plants
Widespread Coral Reefs
Silurian Cayugan
Niagarian
Alexandrian 		Vascular plants appear
Primitive terrestrial predators
Jawed fish Appear
Ordovician Cincinnatian

Champlainian

Canadian 		Climax of Trilobites
First Fish Appear

First Land Plants Appear
Bryzoans Appear
Cambrian Croxian

Albertan

Waucoban 		Trilobites Dominate
Marine Invertebrates Flurish
and Diversify
All Phylum Appear in Fossil
Record except Bryzoans
Proterozoic
Archeozoic 		Marine Invertebrates Appear
First Signs of Life








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©1998-2007 Richard Keyes

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